Chionanthus virginicus

Latin name: Chionanthus virginicus
Common name: Fringetree
Flowers: Showy, creamy white and fragrant¹⁶
Fruit or cones: Dark blue in fall¹⁶
Height & Width: 12-20’ x 12-20’¹⁶
Type: Deciduous¹⁶
Wetland indicator category**: FACU¹⁷
Habit: Spreading, open crown; variable shape between seedlings; often multistemmed.¹
Texture: Medium to coarse¹⁶
Growth rate: Slow to moderate¹⁶
Light: Sun to partial shade¹⁶
Moisture: Prefers moist, well-drained soil¹⁶
Soil: Tolerates clay; sand; loam; acidic¹⁶
Zones: 3-9¹⁶
Origin: Southeastern United States¹⁶
Features: Panicles of creamy white fragrant flowers are suspended from branches in May and male flowers, more showy, bear dark blue fruit in the fall. A large shrub to small tree it is adaptable and the fruit attracts birds. It is tolerant to air pollution and flowers quickly.¹⁶

Siting: Plant in moist, well-drained soil that is in a sunny location. Slight shade is acceptable. It is very well sited near sidewalks and roads due to the roots not being considered a problem.¹²

Care: Plant the tree in the hole so that the root flare is visible at the soil surface. The hole should be only as deep as the root ball and two to three times as wide as the root ball^{14, 18}. At planting, water the root ball daily with two gallons of water per inch of trunk diameter for two weeks, every other day for two months and then weekly until established^15. Modify water recommendations to reflect site drainage and rainfall. Apply 3” of mulch over the planted area. Do not allow mulch to touch the trunk.^{14, 18}

Pests: Leaf spots can be caused by several genera of fungi. Most years, the leaf spots are not a problem and there is no cause for control, but they can cause premature defoliation and spoil fall color display. Powdery mildews of different genera may attack Fringetree. Stem cankers can girdle stems.¹⁵

Author: Whitney Blue Fraser, Editor: Alexander Smolka

Sources:

1. Armitage, A. (2001). Armitage’s manual of annuals, biennials, and half-hardy perennials. Portland, OR: Timber Press.
2. Armitage, A. (2006). Armitage’s native plants for North American gardens. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
3. Armitage, A. (2008). Herbaceous perennial plants: A treatise on their identification, culture, and garden attributes.Athens, GA: University of Georgia.
4. Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center.(2011). Flowers fact sheets. Retrieved from https://hgic.clemson.edu/category/flowers/
5. Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center.(2011). Groundcovers & vines fact sheets.Retrieved from https://hgic.clemson.edu/category/groundcovers/
6. Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center.(2011). Trees. Retrieved from https://hgic.clemson.edu/category/trees/
7. Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center.(2011). Shrubs. Retrieved from https://hgic.clemson.edu/category/shrubs/
8. Dirr, M. A. (2009). Manual of woody landscape plants. Champaign, IL: Stipes Publishing.
9. Gilman, E. F. (1997). Trees for urban and suburban landscapes. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers.
10. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center University of Texas at Austin. (2012). Native plant information network. Retrieved from http://www.wildflower.org/explore/
11. McMillan, P., Plant taxonomist Clemson University, personal communication.
12. Missouri Botanical Garden Kemper Center for Home Gardening. Plant finder. Retrieved from http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Alpha.asp
13. North Carolina State University (2005). Plant fact sheets. Retrieved from http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/index.html
14. Strother, E. V., Ham, D. L., Gilland, L. (2003) Urban tree species guide: Choosing the right tree for the right place.  Columbia, SC: South Carolina Forestry Commission.
15. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. (2011). Southern trees fact sheet. Retrieved from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/department_envhort-trees
16. USDA . Plant profile. (n/d).Retrieved from http://plants.usda.gov/java/
17. USDA. Plant wetland indicator status. (n/d). Retrieved from http://plants.usda.gov/wetland.html
18. Vincent, E., Environmental horticulturist Clemson University, personal communication.

*Soil pH is determined using a professional soil test. Contact your Clemson University County Extension service for assistance www.clemson.edu/extension/. Click on “local offices”.

**2012 Plant Wetland Indicator categories (quantitative derived) http://plants.usda.gov/wetinfo.html