Self-driving cars are an extremely high level of autonomous technology and represent a promising technology that may help older adults safely maintain independence. However, human behavior with automation is complex and not straightforward (Parasuraman & Riley, 1997; Parasuraman, 2000; Parasuraman & Wickens, 2008; Parasuraman & Manzey, 2010; Parasuraman, de Visser, Lin, & Greenwood, 2012; Rovira, McGarry, & Parasuraman, 2007). In addition, because no fully self-driving vehicles are yet available to the public, most research has been limited to subjective survey-based assessments that depend on the respondents’ limited knowledge based on second-hand reports and do not reflect the complex situational and dispositional factors known to affect trust and technology adoption.
