According to the United Nations (2019), the world population will consist of 9.7 billion in 2050. In this context, food production must double to meet the demand (Ray et al., 2013; Frὸna et al., 2019). Global livestock production is expected to double-growing faster than any other agricultural subsector, with most of this increase taking place in developing countries (Ilea 2009). .One of the major constraints to livestock farming is the scarcity and fluctuation of the quantity and quality of the feed supply (Mugabe et al., 2023).
In recent years, the concept of utilizing wild forage species as sustainable alternative food for animals has gained traction among conservationists and farmers. These species, found abundantly in natural habitats, offer a diverse array of nutrients that can meet the dietary needs of various animals while promoting environmental sustainability and biodiversity conservation.
What is alternative livestock feed?
Alternative livestock feed refers to any non-traditional feed sources used to supplement or replace traditional livestock feed, such as grass, hay, and grains (Figure 1). They can include a variety of ingredients, such as silage made from fermented grass or corn, legumes like clover and alfalfa, and byproducts from food processing, such as brewers’ grains, distillers’ grains, and soya bean hulls. Insects such as black soldier flies, mealworms and crickets are also growing in popularity as an alternative feed source, as well as seaweed (particularly in areas where access to mineral-rich soil is limited), and fodder systems, which involve growing sprouted grains or other plants that are fed directly to livestock. This can be a cost-effective and sustainable feed in areas with limited grazing land.
The use of wild forage species (natural populations or voluntary plants) promotes biodiversity conservation by reducing dependence on cultivated crops and minimizing habitat destruction associated with agricultural practices. These species are often integral to local ecosystems, playing crucial roles in pollination, soil health, and wildlife habitat maintenance. Wild forage species offer numerous benefits, but their use requires careful consideration of factors such as sustainability, ethical harvesting practices, and potential risks of contaminants or toxins. Proper identification and sourcing protocols are essential to ensure the safety and health of animals consuming these foods.
Wild forage species are particularly valuable in conservation efforts, such as the rehabilitation of wildlife or reintroduction programs for endangered species. They also play a role in sustainable agriculture by reducing reliance on imported or monoculture feed sources and enhancing food security and resilience in local communities.
Ongoing research is crucial to better understand the nutritional profiles and sustainable management of wild forage species. Collaboration between scientists, conservationists, and farmers can lead to innovations in farming practices and animal husbandry techniques that incorporate these natural resources effectively.
Conclusion
Wild forage species represent a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional animal feeds. By harnessing the nutritional richness and ecological benefits of these species, we can support healthier animal populations, conserve biodiversity, and promote sustainable practices in animal agriculture and conservation efforts worldwide.
Embracing the potential of wild forage species is not only a step towards enhancing animal welfare but also contributes to broader efforts in environmental stewardship and sustainable development. The integration of wild foraged species promises to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of animal nutrition and wildlife management.
References
1. Mugabe, L. C., Lents, M. P., Pinheiro, E. E. G., & Muchanga, R. A. ,2. Alternative Animal Feeding for Intensive Livestock Farming Systems and Their Impact on Reproductive Performance of Ruminants. In Intensive Animal Farming-A Cost-Effective Tactic. IntechOpen.
2. Ray, D.K., Mueller, N.D., West, P.C., Foley, J.A., 2013. Yield trends are insufficient to double global crop production by 2050. PLoS One 8 (6). https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0066428.
3. Ilea R., 2009, Intensive livestock farming: Global trends, increased environmental concerns, and ethical solutions. Journal of Agriculture and Environment Ethics. 2009;22:153-167
4. Frὸna, D., Szenderak, J., Rakos, M.H., 2019. The challenge of feeding the world. Sustainability 20 (5816), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205816
5. https://farmingfuturefood.com/putting-insects-and-algae-on-the-menu-everything-you-need-to-know-about-alternative-feeds/
Written by
Zahia Sebkhi
