Dr. Robert Anholt was asked by Chem Senses to write the obituary for well-renowned artist and scientist Bert Menco when he passed earlier this summer after the pair had worked together for years.
Department of Genetics and Biochemistry assistant professor and member of the Center for Human Genetics Dr. Miriam Konkel is part of a team of scientists that have produced the most complete and accurate look at the human genome to date, even in regions that have long been considered too complex to resolve.
“The greatest advancement in this work is that we can get into these really difficult regions and build the structure and show the genetic variation within them, and now investigate how they are contributing to phenotypes or disease,” said Dr. Konkel.
The team of 65 individuals, making up the Human Genome Structural Variation Consortium, represent a variety of the world’s populations. The team assembled near-complete genomes, advancing the scientific exploration of complex genetic structural variation.
How long ago the bond between dog and man was first formed is something scientists haven’t been able to ascertain.
New research involving Kelsey Witt Dillon, an assistant professor in the Clemson University Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and the Center for Human Genetics, is part of new research that now suggests indigenous people in interior Alaska had formed relationships with the ancestors of today’s dogs near the end of the Ice Age — a time at least 2,000 years earlier than previously thought.
“Dogs were the first animal to be domesticated, but it was so long ago that we don’t really know the details of when and how,” said Witt Dillon, a computational biologist and population geneticist whose research focuses on the history of dogs in the Americas. “Any time we come across archeological samples of canids — dogs, wolves or coyotes — we’re interested in learning more about them and their relationship with humans to try to shed light on that.”
The researchers used a database of 111 large canid specimens. Included was the tibia of an adult canine about 12,000 years old and an 8,100-year-old canine jawbone excavated. The scientists determined that the canines from which these two bones came from had regularly eaten salmon, a diet choice that wasn’t typical of canine, who typically hunted land animals for food. Researchers say these dogs likely were fed by humans or scavenged salmon left by humans.
“We have evidence that sometimes people had a very loose association with dogs, where the dogs would be around, but they didn’t have owners and they weren’t being actively managed in any way,” she said. “It was a relationship where the humans had some benefit from the dogs being around, maybe some protection from wolves, and the dogs got food and a bit of safety, too. The pet idea is newer and the breeds as we know them are newer.”
Witt Dillon said the goal of the project was to consider different lines of evidence at once to try get a picture of what human-dog and human-wolf interactions were like.
“We see a lot of evidence of people feeding dogs and taking care of them, and we see this through time. People have valued dogs for thousands of years. I think it’s a cool thing to see that we’ve had this very long, lasting relationship,” she said.
Senior biochemistry major Adam Gatch is many things: a student, a hiker, a researcher, a tutor, a Goldwater Scholar, an EMT, a volunteer, a writer, a backpacker – too many things to name.
Originally from Charleston, SC, Adam enjoys Clemson for its people and its proximity to great hiking spots and the mountains.
“It’s been nice to meet others with strong work ethic and passion for learning, and it has been motivating to be surrounded by other students with all kinds of exciting future plans.”
Being involved in many extracurricular activities, Adam’s main focus is his research work with Dr. Feng Ding, who runs the Clemson Multiscale Biophysics Lab in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. With Dr. Ding, he has worked on numerous independent projects investigating the structure and dynamics of various proteins implicated in neurodegenerative disease.
“The major theme of my personal research work is understanding the molecular basis of co-pathologies involving multiple disease-associated proteins. Essentially, many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are characterized by the abnormal accumulation of certain proteins, and the inclusions they form are considered disease hallmarks.”
In some cases, multiple “hallmark” proteins are found in the same pathological assembly or in closely associated assemblies of each protein. Adam’s work seeks to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that enable the proteins to interact and give rise to these co-pathologies, and additionally to understand how that interaction can affect clinical presentation and disease outcome.
Adam’s research experience doesn’t stop there; he is involved in the Clemson University Clinical Undergraduate Research Experiences in Surgery (CURES) and has shadowed neurologists at MUSC. Also, he is involved in the Drug Design, Development, and Delivery (4D) lab led by Dr. Jeoung Soo Lee in the Department of Bioengineering, which is focused on nanoparticle-based therapeutics for traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury.
“In contrast to my computational biophysics research, the 4D lab utilizes in vivo and in vitro experiments, using rats to study the effectiveness of the treatments developed by the group. While Dr. Ding’s lab appealed to me because of my strong interest in neurodegeneration and molecular-level study of disease, Dr. Lee’s lab was perfect for exploring another clinical interest of mine, namely traumatic brain injury.”
“In my [EMT] work, I have cared for many patients with highly advanced forms of neurodegenerative disease, which reinforces my motivation to study these diseases in the lab. These experiences have been hugely impactful in affirming my commitment to my future career as a physician-scientist.”
After graduation Adam plans to take a couple gap years traveling around Europe before applying to a number of MD-Ph.D. programs in neuroscience. Afterward, he plans to complete medical residency in neurosurgery and lead a research-intensive career as an academic neurosurgeon at a medical university.
“I plan to continue working on highly interdisciplinary research throughout my Ph.D. training and later in my career, hope to one day lead a successful lab.”
