Category: Safety Information

Grain Safety

To agricultural operations that harvest row crops and grains, grain bins are extremely important to their operation. While these storage facilities are important, if the proper safety precautions are not taken, they can become extremely dangerous to anyone who enters the bin. Before ever entering a bin, also lockout/tagout, bring two other people with you, and make sure you are wearing a harness and tied off before entering.

Common Grain Handling Hazards

• Grain Entrapment
  • Flowing grain acts like quicksand. A person can become entrapped in grain in a matter of seconds, roughly 5 to 8 seconds. A person can become completely submerged in grain in about 22 seconds.
• Grain Bridging
  • Grain that has spoiled or become crusted may appear solid on the surface while leaving an empty space underneath. Walking on a grain bridge can cause it to collapse, resulting in engulfment or becoming submerged in the grain. To prevent this, make sure you are adequately drying your grain to prevent excess moisture from creating moldy, crusty grain.
• Grain Walls
  • Removing spoiled grain from the side of a bin can cause large amounts of grain to collapse suddenly. If you must remove grain from the side of the bin, start at the top and work your way to the bottom.
• Hazardous Atmosphere
  • Grain bins may contain low oxygen levels, toxic gases, or combustible dust that can create serious respiratory hazards or explosion risks.

Never Enter a Grain Bin Unless Absolutely Necessary

• Before entering any grain storage structure:
  • Lockout and tagout all unloading and loading equipment.
  • Shut off augers and conveyors.
  • Test the air for oxygen deficiency and hazardous gases.
  • Wear a properly fitted full-body harness attached to a secure lifeline.
  • Have at least two trained attendants with you. One should be on top of the bin with eyes on you, and the other should be on the ground to create a line of communication.
• Always remember, no one should ever enter a grain bin when grain is flowing!

Safe Grain Handling Practices

• Inspect bins regularly for spoiled or crusted grain.
• Keep ladders, platforms, and walkways in good condition.
• Clean grain dust to reduce fire and explosion hazards.
• Never allow children to play in or around grain bins or equipment.
• Regularly review emergency procedures and safety protocols for grain storage areas.

Equipment Safety Around Grain

• Grain handling equipment contains numerous moving parts that can cause severe injuries or even death
  • Always keep guards in place.
  • Shut off equipment before clearing jams or debris.
  • Follow lockout/tagout procedures before servicing machinery.
  • Stay clear of rotating PTO shafts, augers, belts, and chains.

Emergency Preparedness

• Every farm should have an emergency action plan that includes:
  • Emergency contact numbers posted near grain facilities.
  • Clearly marked bin identification for emergency responders.
  • Workers trained to recognize hazards and respond safely.
• Never attempt a rescue alone. Many grain bin fatalities involve would-be rescuers who entered the bin without the proper equipment or training.

Grain Safety Checklist

• Before working around grain, ask yourself:
  • Is all grain-moving equipment shut down and locked out?
  • Has the atmosphere been tested if entry is required?
  • Is everyone wearing the appropriate PPE?
  • Are attendants positioned outside the bin?
  • Has everyone reviewed the emergency plan?
• If the answer to any of these questions is “No,” stop and correct the issue before continuing.

Grain Safety Quiz

Questions

1. How long does it take for someone to become completely submerged in flowing grain?
2. How many attendants should you have with you if you must enter a bin?
3. If you must enter a bin, what three things should you always do?
4. True or False: If you are removing grain from the side of a bin, you should start at the bottom and hope it all falls at once. 
5. True or False: Before entering a bin, you should monitor the oxygen levels in the bin. 

Answers

1. Roughly 22 seconds
2. Two
3. Lockout/tagout, wear a full-body harness with a lifeline, and have two other people with you.
4. False
5. True

Hot Weather Safety

Working in the hot weather is inevitable in the agricultural industry, but there are lots of steps and precautions that you can follow to help keep yourself and those working with you safe during the warmer months in South Carolina. Remember to always take breaks in the shade or air-conditioned places, and always bring adequate amounts of water with you when working in the heat.

Common Heat Related Illnesses

• Heat cramps
  • Painful muscle cramps caused by excessive sweating and loss of electrolytes
• Heat exhaustion
  • Symptoms may include:
    • Heavy sweating
    • Dizziness
    • Weakness
    • Headache
    • Nausea
    • Rapid pulse
• Heat stroke
  • Symptoms may include:
    • Confusion
    • Loss of consciousness
    • Hot, dry skin
    • High body temperature
  • Call for medical assistance immediately if you suspect you or someone is experiencing heat stroke!

Hydration – Your Best Friend During Hot Weather

• Drink water frequently, even if you do not feel thirsty.
• Avoid large amounts of caffeine and sugary drinks, as these will make you more dehydrated.
• Take hydration breaks throughout the day.
• Plan to bring extra water during strenuous work. You will be more likely to drink water if it is easily accessible.
• Rule of Thumb: Drink water every 15 to 20 minutes during extreme heat.

Dress for the Heat

• Wear lightweight, light colored clothing
• Wear moisture-wicking fabrics
• Wide-brim hats and caps can help protect your face and ears from the sun.
• Always wear sunscreen on areas of your skin that are exposed to the sun. Don’t forget your ears!

Best Work Practices for the Heat

• Schedule strenuous tasks during the cooler morning hours.
• Take regular breaks in shaded or cooled areas.
• Always use the buddy system when working in more remote areas.
• Always monitor weather conditions and heat index levels.
• Pace yourself and avoid overexertion.

Heat Safety Around Livestock

• Hot weather also impacts animals
  • Ensure livestock have constant access to clean water.
  • Make sure to provide adequate shade and ventilation.
  • Monitor livestock for signs of heat stress.
  • Avoid transporting animals during peak heat hours.

Equipment and Machinery Safety

• Heat can affect both machinery and the operator.
  • Check engine temperatures regularly.
  • Store fuel safely away from direct heat.
  • Be cautious of hot metal surfaces.
  • Fatigue from heat can increase accident risks.

What Should You Do in a Heat Emergency?

If someone shows signs of a heat illness:

1. Move them to a cool, shaded area.
2. Provide cool water if they are conscious.
3. Loosen any tight clothing on them.
4. Apply cool towels or ice packs.
5. Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms worsen.

Questions

1. How often should you drink water during extreme heat?
2. If someone is showing signs of a heat illness, what is the first thing you should do?
3. What type of clothing should you wear when working in hot temperatures?
4. True or False: If you suspect that someone is experiencing heat stroke, you should immediately seek medical attention.
5. True or False: You should plan to do strenuous tasks during the cooler morning hours.

Answers

1. Every 15 to 20 minutes
2. Move them to a cool, shaded area
3. Lightweight, light colored clothing
4. True
5. True

ATV and UTV Safety

Safe ATV and UTV operation on the farm is essential to ensure that you and others are not injured while working. Always make sure you wear the proper protective equipment, follow safe riding practices, and assess the terrain before riding over it. Always remember that ATVs and UTVs are equipment, not toys, when used on agricultural operations. 

Common Causes of Accidents

• Driving too fast for the terrain conditions
• Carrying passengers on single-rider ATVs
• Operating without proper training
• Uneven ground, slopes, and hidden obstacles
• Not wearing protective gear

Wear the Right Protective Gear

Always wear:

• Helmet (DOT-approved)
• Long sleeves and long pants
• Over-the-ankle boots
• Gloves
• Eye protection (goggles or face shield)

Even short rides can lead to serious injuries; gear up every time.

Safe Riding Practices

• Ride only vehicles designed for your age and size
• One rider per ATV (unless designed for passengers)
• Keep both hands on the handlebars and feet on the footrests
• Ride at safe speeds and adjust for terrain
• Avoid paved roads whenever possible

ATV vs. UTV: Know the Difference

• ATVs (4-wheelers): Straddle seating, handlebars, typically single rider
• UTVs (side-by-sides): Bench or bucket seats, steering wheel, seatbelts, and rollover protection (ROPS)

Always use seatbelts in UTVs and keep arms/legs inside the vehicle.

Navigating Terrain Safely

• Slopes: Travel straight up or down—avoid riding across steep hills
• Rough Ground: Watch for rocks, holes, and debris
• Wet Conditions: Reduce speed to prevent slipping
• Loads: Secure cargo and never exceed weight limits

Before You Ride: Safety Check

• Check tire pressure
• Test brakes and throttle
• Ensure lights are working
• Look for leaks or damage
• Confirm fuel levels

What to Avoid

• Riding under the influence of drugs or alcohol
• Allowing untrained or underage riders
• Performing stunts or risky maneuvers
• Ignoring manufacturer guidelines

Emergency Preparedness

• Carry a first aid kit and a communication device
• Let someone know your route and expected return time
• In case of an accident:
  1. Stay calm and assess injuries
  2. Call for help immediately
  3. Do not move seriously injured individuals unless necessary

For Students & Young Operators

• Always ride under supervision if inexperienced
• Take an approved ATV safety course
• Understand the risks before operating equipment
• Speak up if something feels unsafe

Pesticide Safety

Pesticides play an important role in modern agriculture by helping control weeds, insects, and diseases. However, improper handling can pose serious risks to human health, livestock, crops, and the environment. Practicing safe pesticide use protects applicators, consumers, and natural resources. Ensure you have the proper training before ever handling any pesticide.

Common Risks of Pesticide Exposure

• Skin and eye irritation
• Respiratory problems from inhalation
• Long-term health effects from repeated exposure
• Contamination of water sources and soil
• Harm to beneficial insects like pollinators

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Always wear the proper PPE when mixing, loading, or applying pesticides:

• Long-sleeve shirt and long pants
• Chemical-resistant gloves
• Safety goggles or a face shield
• Respirator (if required by label)
• Rubber boots

Remember: The pesticide label is the law—follow PPE requirements exactly.

Read the Label First!

Every pesticide label provides critical information:

• Proper application rates
• Target pests and approved crops
• Safety precautions
• First aid instructions
• Re-entry intervals (REI)

Never use a pesticide in a way that is inconsistent with its label.

Safe Application Practices

• Avoid spraying on windy days to reduce drift
• Keep a safe distance from people, animals, and water sources
• Calibrate equipment to ensure accurate application
• Never eat, drink, or smoke while handling pesticides

After Application Safety

• Wash your hands and exposed skin immediately
• Change and launder clothing separately
• Store pesticides in original containers only
• Keep chemicals locked away from children and unauthorized users

Protecting Pollinators & the Environment

• Apply pesticides early morning or late evening when pollinators are less active
• Avoid spraying flowering plants
• Prevent runoff into streams, ponds, and wells
• Use integrated pest management (IPM) strategies when possible

Emergency Preparedness

In case of exposure:

1. Remove contaminated clothing
2. Rinse the affected area with clean water
3. Follow first aid instructions on the label
4. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist

Keep emergency numbers and poison control contacts readily available.

Best Practices for Students & Workers

• Always receive proper training before handling pesticides
• Never mix chemicals without supervision (for students)
• Report spills or unsafe conditions immediately
• Stay informed on updated regulations and safety procedures

Questions

1. When is the best time to apply pesticides to protect pollinators like bees?
2. You accidentally spill pesticide on your arm while mixing chemicals. What is the first thing you should do?
3. What are two types of personal protective equipment (PPE) that should be worn when handling pesticides?
4. True or False: It is safe to apply pesticides on a windy day as long as you wear gloves.
5. True or False: Before using a pesticide, you should always read the label to determine proper use, safety precautions, and application rates.

Answers

1. Midday, when pollinators are least active
2. Remove any contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with clean water.
3. Long-sleeve shirt and long pants, Chemical-resistant gloves, Safety goggles or face shield, Respirator (if required by label), Rubber boots
4. False
5. True

Machinery Safety

Agricultural machinery is powerful, efficient, and essential to all agricultural operations; however, it can be extremely dangerous when not used properly. Equipment such as tractors, PTO-driven implements, ATVs/UTVs, and other shop tools can cause serious injury and even death if safety procedures are not followed. Review all safety procedures annually to help limit injury risks.

Tractor Safety Tips

Tractors remain the leading cause of agricultural-related incidents.

• Key Safety Reminders:
  • Always wear a seatbelt when operating a tractor that is equipped with ROPS
    • If you have your ROPS folded down, or your tractor does not have ROPS, never wear your seatbelt!
  • Never have extra riders if you do not have a buddy seat. One seat means one operator!
  • Always reduce your speed when you make a turn or are traveling on a slope.
  • Always keep safety shields and guards in place. These are installed to keep you and others away from dangerous components on your tractor.
  • Before exiting your tractor, always shut off the engine, remove the key, and wait for all moving components to stop. While this may take extra time, it can limit your chances of being injured.

PTO Safety

PTO shafts can rotate at 540 RPMs, which is roughly 9 rotations per second. Entanglements can happen in an instant.

• Prevent PTO Injuries:
  • Never step over a rotating PTO shaft. Always keep a safe distance from spinning PTO shafts.
  • Always keep PTO shields in place. These shields are there to prevent entanglements.
  • Tie back long hair and avoid loose clothing when working around PTOs.
  • Always disengage the PTO and shut off the equipment before hitching, unhitching, or servicing the equipment.

ATV/UTV Safety

ATVs and UTVs are common in agricultural operations and require proper training before use. While these are often viewed as “toys,” they still pose the risk for serious injury or death.

• Wear a DOT-approved helmet when operating an ATV.
• No extra riders unless the machine is designed for passengers.
• Always operate at a safe speed for your conditions.
• Avoid paved roads unless absolutely necessary. ATVs/UTVs are not designed for road travel.

Grain and Harvest Equipment Safety

Large harvest equipment often has multiple blind spots and various pinch points.

• If you are ever approaching harvest equipment or any other equipment, make eye contact with the operator first. This ensures that the operator can see you and is aware that you are approaching the equipment.
• Never enter a grain bin or any other bulk storage area without following proper safety procedures.
• Be mindful of augers and conveyors. These move at rapid speeds, and entanglement can happen very quickly.
• Always lockout/tagout equipment before servicing.

General Shop Safety

Always remember that safety is everyone’s responsibility!

• Always wear the necessary PPE. Safety glasses should always be worn when working in the shop.
• Keep work areas clean and organized. This can prevent trips and other incidents.
• Always inspect your tools before using. If a tool is damaged, report the damage and replace it immediately.
• Ensure you have proper ventilation before welding or working with chemicals.

Questions

1. What is the leading cause of agricultural-related incidents?
2. How fast can a PTO shaft rotate?
3. Before approaching equipment that is being operated, what should you do to the operator?
4. True or False: ATVs and UTVs are not designed for road travel.
5. True or False: It is okay to let others ride on the fenders of a tractor. 

Answers

1. Tractors
2. 540 RPMs
3. Always make eye contact with the operator before approaching.
4. True
5. False

Entanglement injuries are among the most severe and life-altering accidents in agriculture. They happen when clothing, hair, or body parts become caught in moving machinery. These incidents often occur in seconds and can result in amputations, crushing injuries, or fatalities. Most entanglement incidents are 100% preventable with proper habits and awareness.

Common Entanglement Hazards on the Farm

Some of the most dangerous equipment includes:

• Power Take-Off (PTO) shafts – the most common piece of equipment involved in entanglement injuries!
• Grain and feed augers
• Conveyors and elevators
• Belts, chains, and pulleys
• Rotary mowers and tillage equipment
• Grain dryers and fans

Any machine part that rotates, pulls, or moves continuously can create an entanglement hazard.

High-Risk Behaviors to Avoid

Many entanglement incidents occur during routine tasks. Avoid these common mistakes:

• Reaching into moving equipment
• Stepping over rotating PTO shafts
• Clearing jams without shutting down machinery
• Removing machine guards
• Wearing loose clothing or jewelry
• Working while tired or rushed

Shortcuts often lead to serious consequences.

Dress for Safety

What you wear matters around farm equipment.

Wear:

• Fitted work clothing
• Closed-toe boots with good traction
• Hair tied back or secured

Avoid:

• Hoodies with drawstrings
• Loose jackets or sleeves
• Necklaces, rings, or watches
• Untucked shirts
• Scarves or loose gloves near moving parts

Machine Guards Save Lives

Machine guards are designed to prevent direct contact with dangerous moving parts.

• Never operate equipment with missing or damaged guards
• Replace broken PTO shields immediately
• Do not bypass safety covers “just for convenience”

If a guard is missing, the machine is unsafe to operate.

Safe Shutdown Procedure

Before cleaning, repairing, adjusting, or unplugging equipment:

1. Turn off the engine
2. Disengage PTO
3. Set the parking brake
4. Remove the key
5. Lower all attachments
6. Wait for all movement to stop

Never assume equipment has stopped completely — always verify.

Emergency Response Reminder

If an entanglement incident occurs:

• Shut off the equipment immediately
• Call 911
• Do NOT reverse machinery
• Control bleeding if possible
• Keep the injured person still and warm

Remember: Prevention is the best emergency response.

Safety Takeaway

Entanglement hazards are always present on working farms, but injuries do not have to be. Staying alert, wearing proper clothing, keeping guards in place, and following shutdown procedures can save lives.

Stop. Shut down. Stay safe.