Clemson Agricultural Safety

Ag Injury News Report – October 2021

Ag Injury News Report

9/13/2021: Man killed in farming accident in Toney

9/13/2021: Hazel Green man dies after rear-ending hay wagon pulled by tractor, Grant County authorities say

9/12/2021: 6-year-old rural Nebraska boy dies after ATV accident

9/12/2021: Crews recover man’s body from grain silo after 10-hour effort on Indy’s near northwest side

9/10/2021: Police: Ionia man injured after van rear-ends grain truck

9/07/2021: Fannin County man killed in tractor accident

9/07/2021: Man hospitalized after UTV crash in Buffalo County Sunday

Safety Spotlight – October 2021

Aaron Turner

Hometown: Silver City, NM

Position: Assistant Professor, Ag. Mech. and Business

I’m an assistant professor in the Agricultural Sciences Department at Clemson, and I teach in the Ag. Mech. and Business program. My interest in agriculture started when I was an undergraduate student at NMSU. I was working part-time in the college’s machine shop, and there was a lot of specialty crop mechanization research going on at the time. Through that, I got connected to the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), and I was hooked! From there, I went on to get an M.S. and Ph.D. in Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering from the University of Kentucky. My current research program includes engineering aspects of harvesting and post-harvest processing systems (handling, drying, and storage). This includes the physical properties of bulk materials and how agricultural data can be leveraged to improve the efficiency and sustainability of production.

How important is it for farmers and other people in agriculture to be safe?
Safety should be the number one priority. It’s tempting to take shortcuts sometimes, but everyone deserves to go home safe at the end of the day.

How often do you run across the topic of agricultural safety in your position?
I don’t come across safety very frequently. However, I do cover safety related to working around stored grain facilities in one of my courses. Like many other agricultural jobs, working around these facilities involves being around equipment (tractors, augers, conveyors, etc.). However, there are additional hazards associated with working at heights and confined space entry/grain engulfment. Unfortunately, there are several fatalities at grain facilities each year.

What do you think the biggest concern is regarding agricultural safety?
My biggest concern regarding agricultural safety is the long-term impact it can have on our aging producer population. Thirty-six percent of producers in SC were over 65 in 2017, and normal things associated with aging (hearing/vision loss, slower reaction times, arthritis) make this group several times more likely to have a farm-related injury. This group also has a longer recovery time, so interventions that can help keep this group working safely are good.

Describe the impacts that a safety intervention can have on children.
I think this is one of the areas that could have the most significant impact, even if it is somewhat intangible. Setting an example for what working safely looks like and instilling good habits early would have life-long benefits. This extends beyond interventions with children to the adults who are setting the example.

How do you handle a safety concern among your employees?
In a university research setting, you rely heavily on student help, and the tasks are often unique to a given project. This makes it essential to talk through the work, so everyone is comfortable. It’s important to make sure everyone involved is familiar with the dangers associated with whatever equipment they will be using and stress the importance of asking for help if something feels off. I also provide adequate PPE and ensure no one works alone if there are any potential safety issues.

Safety and Health for Women in Agriculture

Safety and Health for Women Fact Sheet

DESCRIPTION

The objective is to provide basic information regarding overall safety and health for women in an agricultural related positions.

OVERVIEW

Women represent 36% of all American agricultural producers, based on the 2017 Census of Agriculture. This has increased by 5% from the 2012 Census of Agriculture. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) outlines women’s risks, including pregnancy-related hazards, mental health, and work-related injuries (Ag Safety and Health, 2021). It is always essential for women in agriculture to be aware of their surroundings and overall health.

SIZE AND SHAPE

• Generally, tools are made for larger framed individuals; find tools made for a more petite body frame when at all possible.
• Be sure to adjust machinery where all pedals and levers can be easily reached.
• Resource properly fitting PPE to accommodate smaller sizes.

STRENGTH

• Women generally have an upper body strength 40-75% less than their male counterparts.
• Wearing sturdy footwear can help avoid falls and help with stability while carrying heavy loads.
• Having an appropriate calcium intake can help maintain a strong bone density.

REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS

• Be cautious when working around pesticides, needles, or livestock hormones, as these can all impact fertility.
• Zoonotic diseases can also impact fertility. Zoonotic diseases are caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi.

STRESS FACTORS

• Establish a support system including family and friends or even online blogs and networks.
• Do not be afraid to talk to a healthcare professional if there are any symptoms of depression or anxiety.

Safety Information – October 2021

Description
The objective is to provide basic information on grain safety and safety related to entrapment and engulfment in grain.

GRAIN ENTRAPMENT AND ENGULFMENT
Entrapment: When a person has sunk low enough into the grain, they cannot escape the grain without assistance from another person.
Engulfment: When a person has sunk low enough, their head is below the grain.

CAUSES OF ENTRAPMENT AND ENGULFMENT
Flowing Grain: Moving grain acts like quicksand and moves in a conical motion when being removed from bins. This can result in a person becoming trapped quickly.

Grain Bridging: When grain becomes wet or moist, it begins to mold and form a crust on the surface. When grain is removed, a cavity will form beneath the crusted grain. Sometimes, workers may enter a bin with a grain bridge, and the grain will collapse, resulting in the worker being engulfed in grain.

Grain Wall Collapse: Grain walls form when wet grain molds and sticks together on the grain bin walls. If a worker enters the bin to knock down a grain wall, the grain may fall on the worker, resulting in engulfment.

AVOIDING ENTRAPMENT OR ENGULFMENT
Target Zero Entry: Avoid having to enter a grain bin at all costs.
Lockout/Tagout: Programs ensure all equipment associated with adding or removing grain from a bin is shut off and cannot be turned on while a person is in a bin.

Never Go in Alone: Always have at least three people present when entering a bin, the bin entrant, a bin attendant, and an outside communicator. This allows for eyes to be on the person entering the bin and communicating if an emergency does occur.
Harness and Anchor Points: Before entering a bin, ensure that all appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is present, including a harness with a lanyard. In an emergency, a harness may be the only factor preventing a person from sinking below the grain surface.

Agricultural Fertilizer and Chemical Safety

Pesticide Safety Fact Sheet

DESCRIPTION
This fact sheet aims to provide the reader with valuable information about handling, using, and disposing of pesticides safely.

WHY?
• To protect people, both yourself and others.
• To protect the environment, including, but not limited to, water, plants, and animals.

HUMAN HARM
Humans can be poisoned or injured by pesticides. Poisoning results when pesticides enter the body and cause internal harm. Injury results when pesticides cause damage to the external body.
Toxicity level is the measure of how harmful a pesticide is. Toxicity is dependent upon the amount of pesticide exposure. Exposure is when a pesticide comes in contact with any part of a person’s body.

RESPONDING TO POISONING EMERGENCY
1. Stop pesticide exposure
2. Call for emergency help
3. Check the label to determine if any actions can be taken before help arrives.

SKIN EXPOSURE
1. Drench skin with water
2. Remove PPE/contaminated clothing
3. Wash skin/hair thoroughly with mild detergent
4. Cover victim and prevent overheating or becoming too cold
5. Use a soft, loose bandage for burns.
*Do not apply creams or powders.*

OCULAR EXPOSURE
1. Quickly wash your eyes with a gentle drip of clean water for 15+ minutes.
*Do not add anything to the water!*

INHALATION OF PESTICIDE
1. Get the victim and anyone else to fresh air.
2. Loosen tight clothing and use artificial respiration are necessary.
*Use an airway tube if available to prevent direct contact in mouth-to-mouth.*

MOUTH EXPOSURE
1. Rinse mouth
2. Give the victim lots of water or milk to drink.
*Only induce vomiting if instructed on the label.*

LABEL AND CLASSIFICATION
Pesticide labeling is the law and must be followed. There are two classifications for pesticides, unclassified and restricted. Unclassified, or general use, does not require a pesticide certification to purchase and use. Restricted, or RUP (Restricted Use Pesticide), pesticides could cause harm to humans and the environment and require a certificate to buy and use.

Safety and Health for Youth in Agriculture

Youth Agricultural Safety Fact Sheet

DESCRIPTION
The objective is to provide basic information regarding the health and safety of youth in and around agricultural operations.

FACTS
• Children 20 years of age or younger account for 104 deaths annually on farms and ranches.
• Two common causes for agriculturally related child fatalities are drowning or machinery incidents.
• Most non-fatal injuries are caused by livestock or falls.
• Children injured on agricultural worksites are often bystanders.

KEEPING YOUTH SAFE
• Keep children in age appropriate farm tasks.
• Provide properly sized and age appropriate personal protective equipment.
• Never leave children unsupervised.
• Limit the access of non-working children from the agricultural worksite.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER
• Make sure children possess the strength, coordination, and motor skills to minimize risks on the farm workplace.
• Children should have the cognitive capacity to recognize and react to potential hazards.
• The ability to follow instructions is a skill children must have.
• The physical size of a child may be a factor to consider when bringing them to the worksite.

PROMOTING SAFETY
• Arrange for child care for non-working children.
• Teach children about hazards and dangers from a young age.
• Recognize and obey child labor laws.


*Image courtesy of Safety in Agriculture for Youth (SAY)*

Overall Farmer Health

Overall Farmer Health Fact Sheet

DESCRIPTION

The objective is to provide basic information regarding the overall health of farmers and how to get help if needed.

OVERVIEW

Recently, farmer health has taken a new focus other than day-to-day hazards on the farm. This new focus includes drug abuse and a stern look at mental health based on the tolling past growing seasons. On average, farmers and ranchers have suicide rates 3.5 times higher than the general population (Chadde, 2020). If you or a loved one needs help, please do not be afraid to ask for it. We are all in this together.

CLUES WHEN IDENTIFYING A MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS

• A decline in care of crops, animals, and farm
• Deterioration of personal appearance
• Increasing life insurance policy
• Withdrawing from social events, family, and friends
• Change in mood or routine
• Increase in farm accidents
• Feeling trapped with no way out
• Difficulty sleeping
• Increases in drug or alcohol use

3/4 farmers and farmworkers have been affected by opioid abuse directly

3/4 farmers say it is easy to obtain opioid pain killers without having a prescription

2/5 farmers believe they could find adequate help for an addiction

National Suicide Hotline
800-273-8255

Tractor Safety and Rural Roadway Safety

Tractor and Rural Roadway Safety Fact Sheet

DESCRIPTION
The objective is to provide basic tractor and rural roadway safety information, including operating procedures and proper roadway etiquette.

OPERATION OF MACHINE
• Check for bystanders.
• Be familiar with the terrain and work area to identify any debris or obstacles
• Keep body within the platform.
• Allow glow plugs to heat before starting.
• Ensure the machine is neutral before starting, PTO is disengaged, and the clutch is depressed.
• Set range to the desired position with the clutch depressed.
• Carry loads as low as possible (if loader equipped) and always on the drawbar.
• Always keep the PTO properly shielded and walk around tractor and PTO driven implement.
• Be conscientious of tipping points.
• Drive slow enough to keep control over unexpected hazards and do not stop suddenly or make sudden movements.
• Travel up/down slopes rather than across, taking extra care when ascending or descending steep slopes.
• Take care when refueling to avoid spilling fuel onto a hot motor or exhaust.
• Maintain three points of contact when entering and exiting the machine.

DO
• Perform a pre-operation safety check
• Travel up/down slopes rather than across
• Always apply the parking brake when ending operation and exit the vehicle

DON’T
• Carry passengers
• Modify the ROPS
• Use faulty equipment
• Ignore the tipping point of the machine

ROADWAY ETIQUETTE
• Make farm equipment visible with lights and flashers
• Remember the size of the farm equipment you are operating; avoid low bridges, power lines, and overhead structures.
• Communicate your movements with other motorists that are on the road.

TIPS FOR MOTORIST
• Give tractors and combines plenty of room to operate.
• Expect wider turns and the potential for the use of two lanes.
• While in front of farm equipment, do not come to a sudden stop.
• Watch for hand signals and other ways operators might communicate about their driving plans.

Source: Farm Bureau Financial Services

Ag Safety Spotlight – September 2021

Charles V Privette, III

Hometown: Pendleton, SC

Position: Department Chair, Agricultural Sciences

I grew up on a small beef cattle farm in Pendleton, SC, where my dad worked with Clemson Extension as their Irrigation Specialist. I then, in turn, would travel with him as a kid to farms and field days across the state. This then led to me following in his footsteps and obtaining my undergraduate degree in Agricultural Engineering from Clemson University. I then went on to get my M.S. degree and gained employment with Clemson Extension. Then with the completion of my Ph.D. in Civil Engineering, I pursued a career in teaching and research with the Biosystems Engineering Department. From there, I am currently Department Chair for the Agricultural Sciences Department at Clemson University which houses the Agribusiness, Agricultural Education, and the Agricultural Mechanization and Business Programs.

How did you hear about the Ag Safety program?
When I originally started working for Clemson Extension Service in 1999, I was hired as the Farm Safety and Health Specialist. I was in that position until 2006. One of my main interests in that position, when I applied for it, was the fact that my own grandfather when I was young, died from a tractor rollover incident. He was putting in a stream crossing when his tractor rolled over and crushed him. Back then, ROPS were not that common, and many older tractors did not have them. I then moved on to other pursuits at Clemson in the areas of teaching and research, and my previous position went unfilled for many years. When I heard that an effort was back underway to reintroduce a farm safety program with the Extension Service, as my new role as Department Chair, I fully endorsed it.

How important is it for farmers and other people in agriculture to be safe?
Safety is one of those things most folks don’t really think about. We do the same job/function over and over but never experience the negative consequences of our improper actions. It then only takes that one time, and things change. Safety programs are that reminder about how we should operate.

How often do you run across the topic of agricultural safety in your position?
After serving in the role as an ag safety specialist, it seems I still run across this topic on a routine basis, whether it be with education outreach or with previous students or acquaintances that suffer from some incident that involves them. These have ranged from minor injuries, loss of limbs to even death.

What do you think the biggest concern is regarding agricultural safety?
I would say one of the biggest concerns with ag safety is that it is something that is typically kept on the top shelf. We acknowledge it, but we do not make it an active part of our day-to-day life.

Is there enough being done about teaching agricultural safety across the state of South Carolina?
From my experience with ag safety, even when I was getting things started back in the early 2000s, I always felt there was more I should be doing. The topic of ag safety is not just pertinent to one group of people. It covers all of us, whether we are young kids to older adults. The topics under ag safety are also not just for farmers. Most of the subject matter applies to many homeowners/landowners as well.

Are there any suggestions on how it can be improved?
There are many programs and curriculum already out there devoted to ag safety. The problem is getting that material in front of people in a meaningful way. Having an active safety program that provides age-appropriate training/demonstrations/awareness is important.

Describe the impacts that a safety intervention can have on children.
Over the years, one of the most interesting things I saw with children or youth safety programming is that it was actually a great way to also educate parents. When children would learn something, oftentimes, they then would start asking their parents “safety” questions which then, in turn, would educate their parents. After a child was picked up from a safety day camp, oftentimes, parents would immediately ask, “What did you learn?” I found that these day camps for kids were not only a great way to have interactive learning for kids but also a great way to educate their parents.

What is the biggest concern teaching adults about safety precautions?
In my years of working with ag safety, one of the biggest challenges in working with adults is changing safety behavior. After doing things a certain way for many years, we become accustomed to our routines. One may have grown up riding on one’s grandfather’s lap on their tractor, and now we allow our grandchildren to ride on our laps. This could even be a lawnmower. Changing this kind of behavior when it has kind of become the norm is difficult. One avenue I used to take advantage of was when I presented at various farmer meetings; I liked to invite not only the farmer but their spouse as well. When I talked about various safety issues and the associated risk, I oftentimes related it to having insurance. Most folks could relate to insurance, and so, therefore, the connection between ag safety and injury/death was more real. This oftentimes caught the spouse’s attention more than the farmer, who had always done something the same way for many years even though it may not have been safe. Ag Safety programs are that great reminder or little voice in our heads that can keep us from becoming a statistic.

Updates – September 2021

The 2019 data for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that the agricultural sector is still the most dangerous in America with 573 fatalities, or an equivalent of 23.1 deaths per 100,000 workers. Fall harvest time can be one of the busiest and most dangerous seasons of the year for the agriculture industry. For this reason, the third week of September has been recognized as National Farm Safety and Health Week.

During this week, the Clemson Ag Safety Program will be releasing information for each day.

Monday, September 20, 2021 – Tractor Safety & Rural Roadway Safety
Tuesday, September 21, 2021 – Overall Farmer Health
Wednesday, September 22, 2021 – Safety & Health for Youth in Agriculture
Thursday, September 23, 2021 – Agricultural Fertilizer & Chemical Safety
Friday, September 24, 2021 – Safety & Health for Women in Agriculture

For more information from The National Education Center for Agricultural Safety, click here.

*Information courtesy from The National Education Center for Agricultural Safety*